When working with flash or speedlights in photography, you often face the decision between using TTL (Through-The-Lens) mode or Manual mode. Each has its strengths and weaknesses, and understanding when to use them can significantly impact your images. Let’s break down what these modes are, their differences and how to choose the right one for your situation.
What is TTL mode?
TTL stands for Through-The-Lens metering. In TTL mode, the camera and flash work together to measure the light reflecting off the subject and automatically adjust the flash output. This process happens in real-time, allowing the flash to adapt to changing conditions, such as subject movement or varying ambient light.
Key features of TTL
- Automatic Adjustments: Ideal for dynamic environments where lighting conditions change rapidly.
- Ease of Use: Great for beginners or photographers who want to focus on composition rather than technical details.
- Works with On- and Off-Camera Flash: TTL works seamlessly whether your flash is mounted on the camera or triggered wirelessly off-camera.
When to use TTL
- Event photography: Weddings, parties, or concerts where lighting changes frequently.
- Run-and-gun shooting: Street or travel photography where you need to adapt quickly.
- Moving subjects: Portraits of kids or pets that don’t stay still.
What is Manual mode?
In Manual mode, the photographer sets the flash power manually, typically in increments like 1/1 (full power), 1/2, 1/4, and so on. The flash outputs consistent light regardless of changes in ambient conditions or subject distance.
Key features of Manual mode
- Full Control: You decide the exact amount of light emitted, giving you complete creative control.
- Consistency: Ideal for controlled environments where you want predictable results.
- Learning Curve: Requires an understanding of flash power, distance, and modifiers.
When to use manual
- Studio photography: Controlled setups with consistent lighting.
- Macro photography: Precision lighting for small subjects.
- Creative portraits: When you want to control every aspect of light and shadow.
TTL vs. Manual: Key differences
TTL Mode / Manual Mode
Ease of Use: Beginner-friendly / Requires technical knowledge
Adaptability: Automatically adjusts / Fixed output
Consistency: Can vary based on conditions / Always consistent
Speed: Faster setup / Slower setup
Creative Control: Limited / Maximum
Using on-camera flash
On-camera flash is mounted directly on the camera’s hot shoe. This setup is portable and easy to use, but it can produce flat lighting if not used creatively.
Best practices for on-camera flash
- Use TTL for events or casual shooting where speed is crucial.
- Bounce the flash off walls or ceilings for softer, more flattering light.
- Use modifiers like diffusers to reduce harsh shadows.
Using off-camera flash
Off-camera flash involves triggering the flash remotely, providing greater flexibility in light placement. This setup is ideal for more advanced and creative lighting techniques.
Best practices for off-camera flash
- Use Manual mode for precise control in a studio or controlled environment.
- Position the flash to create depth, drama and dimension in your photos.
- Experiment with modifiers like softboxes, umbrellas or grids for different effects.
Which mode should you use?
The choice between TTL and Manual depends on the scenario:
- Dynamic or unpredictable environments: TTL can be your friend.
- Controlled and repeatable setups: Manual mode gives you the consistency and precision you need.
- Learning and experimentation: Start with TTL for ease, but practice Manual mode to understand light better.
Check out the YouTube video below for more in-depth look at TTL Vs Manual with a free different flashes:
Final thoughts
Both TTL and Manual modes have their place in a photographer’s toolkit. TTL provides speed and adaptability, while Manual offers precision and consistency. By mastering both, you can confidently tackle any lighting challenge, whether you’re shooting a fast-paced event or crafting a meticulous studio portrait.
Experiment with both modes and find what works best for your style and workflow. As you grow more comfortable, you’ll develop an intuition for when to rely on TTL’s automation and when to take full control with Manual mode.